Unsur Seni dan Prinsip Rekaan

A. UNSUR SENI

1. Garisan

- Garisan ialah satu deretan titik yang bersambung-sambung yang mempunyai jarak tertentu

- Garisan boleh diolah untuk mencipta rupa, jalinan, ton, corak, dan untuk menimbulkan bentuk, ruang, dan pergerakan.

2. Rupa

- Rupa adalah hasil pertemuan titik hujung dengan titik mula

- Rupa adalah kawasan rata yang dilingkari garisan luar

- Terdapat 2 jenis rupa iaitu:

a- Rupa geometri – bersudut seperti segi tiga, segi empat, pyramid, bulat dsb.

b- Rupa organic – rupa bebas yang tidak bersudut seperti rupa daun, buah, batu dsb.

-Rupa boleh diolah dalam bentuk:

a- Rupa positif – rupa objek yang terletak di sesuatu kawasan

b- Rupa negative – ruang di sekeliling rupa sesuatu objek.

3. Bentuk

- Bentuk mempunyai keluasan, ketinggian, jisim dan lebih daripada satu permukaan

- Terdapat 2 jenis bentuk iaitu:

a- Bentuk konkrit – bentuk objek sebenar yang bersifat 3 dimensi iaitu boleh disentuh, dilihat, dan dirasai. (bukan berbentuk gambar)

b- Bentuk ilusi – bentuk visual yang bersifat 2 dimensi yang digambarkan melalui lukisan atau catan.

4. Jalinan

- Jalinan ialah kesan yang terdapat pada permukaan sesuatu benda

- Terdapat 2 jenis jalinan iaitu:

a- Jalinan sentuh – jalinan yang dapat dirasai dengan sentuhan/tangan seperti kolaj, arca, dan catan teknik impasto

b- Jalinan tampak – jalinan yang hanya dapat dilihat tetapi tidak dapat dirasai dengan tangan seperti corak batik, jalur buah tembikai dan gambar foto.

5. Ruang

- Ruang ialah kawasan kosong di sekeliling objek, jarak antara dua objek, atau rongga dalam sesuatu objek.

-Terdapat 2 jenis ruang iaitu:

a- Ruang nyata – ruang sebenar yang terdapat pada bentuk-bentuk konkrit

b- Ruang tampak – ruang yang hanya dapat dilihat dalam seni tampak seperti lukisan, catan dan cetakan (bukan sebenar)

6. Warna

- Terdapat 3 jenis warna iaitu:

a- Warna asas – iaitu merah, biru, dan kuning (tidak boleh dihasilkan dengan campuran warna lain)

b- Warna sekunder – iaitu campuran dua warna asas (Hijau ‘Biru + Kuning’, Jingga ‘Kuning + Merah’ dan Ungu ‘Merah + Biru’)

c- Warna tertier – iaitu campuran warna asas dengan warna sekunder

- Terdapat 3 gubahan warna iaitu:

a- Warna harmoni- warna bersebelahan dalam roda warna (warna sekeluarga, selesa dan seimbang)

b- Warna penggenap – warna yang bertentangan dalam roda warna (menimbulkan kesan segar, kaya, kontra, getaran dan pergerakan)

c- Warna sewarna – hanya satu warna yang mempunyai pelbagai ton (daripada terang kepada gelap)

- Terdapat 2 suhu warna iaitu:

a- Warna panas – warna antara warna merah ungu hingga kuning hijau pada roda warna (menimbulkan kesan bertenaga, garang, harapan, perang, meriah dsb)

b- Warna sejuk – warna antara hijau hingga ungu pada roda warna (menimbulkan kesan sejuk, sedih, damai dan tenang)

PRINSIP REKAAN

Prinsip rekaan adalah kaedah atau pengolahan unsur seni untuk menimbulkan gambaran tertentu dalam gubahan seni visual

1. Harmoni
- Dalam istilah bahasa harmoni membawa maksud aman dan damai
- Dalam istilah seni harmoni merupakan hasil ulangan dan rentak unsur seni yang sesuai dan seimbang
- Harmoni wujud dalam penggunaan garisan dan warna
- Harmoni tidak akan wujud jika ada unsur-unsur yang bercanggah

2. Kontra
- Kontra wujud jika ada unsur-unsur seni yang bertentangan atau bercanggah dalam sesuatu gubahan
- Fungsi kontra ialah untuk menarik perhatian, memberi fokus, mengelakkan kebosanan dan kesan pergerakan
- Kontra dapat dihasilkan melalui penggunaan unsur seni, teknik dan bahan yang berlainan

3. Penegasan
- Penegasan wujud apabila terdapat sesuatu unsur yang menonjol, kontra atau ganjil dalam sesuatu gubahan
- Fungsi penegasan ialah untuk menarik perhatian, memberi fokus, dan mengelakkan kebosanan
- Penegasan dapat dihasilkan melalui penggunaan unsur seni yang kontra atau asingkan objek yang hendak ditegaskan

4. Imbangan
- Imbangan bermaksud kesamaan dan kesepadanan dari segi berat, tarikan dan tumpuan

- Terdapat 2 jenis imbangan iaitu:
a- Imbangan simetri – unsur seni yang sama antara kiri dan kanan atau atas dan bawah (garisan ‘axis’ dilukis di tengah-tengah pembahagian tersebut)
b- Imbangan tidak simetri – unsur seni tidak sama di kedua-dua bahagian tetapi mempunyai cirri-ciri yang menimbulkan kesan keseimbangan

5. Irama dan Pergerakan
- Pergerakan ialah keadaan yang bergetar, bergoyang, berayun, berpancar, bersinar-sinar dsb
- Fungsi irama dan pergerakan ialah untuk memberi kesan lebih hidup dan realistic terhadap sesuatu gubahan
- Pergerakan dapat dilihat melalui kesan angin, air, ombak, taufan dsb

6. Kepelbagaian
- Kepelbagaian wujud hasil penggunaan pelbagai gaya, nilai, dan idea yang berbeza dalam sesuatu gubahan
- Kepelbagaian dapat memberi gaya, variasi, tenaga, dan daya tarikan dalam sesuatu gubahan
- Kepelbagaian dapat dihasilkan melalui penggunaan unsur seni seperti garisan, rupa dan warna yang pelbagai dalam sesuatu gubahan

7. Kesatuan
- Kesatuan bermaksud satu tema atau satu idea bagi semua unsur dalam sesuatu gubahan
- Kesatuan dapat menimbulkan suasana yang tenteram, teratur dan selesa

Why is Hindu population very much lesser than Christians and Muslims?

Christians and Muslims are in worldwide. But Hindu population is very less compared to the other two. Why? Primarily, Hinduism doesn't bother to convert anybody. They are quite happy with their own little Club. So, I guess you will now understand why.

Seriously, the Hindu religion doesn't ask you to join, nor to stay and you are always free to leave it and they don't give a damn. Now, ever wonder why they are like that? It is very simply because, their Philosophy is that we all came from God and will return to God, whichever path we take. They really believe and live - All the roads lead to Rome. So, they really don't care which road you decide to take. If the Muslims had any brains, they should know that the Hindus don't rub cow’s urine on themselves and they don't think the Cow is holy, but then, what else can you expect from a lot like that?

I've got a couple of friends of mine who are ex-Muslims in India who are married to Hindu ladies and their children are free to go to all the places of worship. Now, the Muslims have ex-communicated the Muslims, because they dare not do anything else there in India, but the Hindus have not even batted an eyelid. And one of the ex-Muslims had left Islam before they met their wives, while the other left it for her. You should hear those guys talk about how stupid Islam is. Hindus are happy in their little club. They are free to stay or leave.

They do not irritate others to join in their religion. This is called decency. Hindus worship the cow, and they worship all living beings too, just because they aren’t supposed to eat beef, people think they worship only cows... now I ask you, what is wrong in worshipping all living beings?

One Indian singer, Lata Mangeshkar used to drink cow urine to sweeten her voice and you should know, that she is proclaimed as the singer with the sweetest voice in the world, just hear it and you'll know it’s not for Hinduism. As you can see Muhammad Ghori committed genocide against Hindus at Kol (modern Aligarh), Kalinjar and Varanasi, according to Hasan Nizami's Taj-ul-Maasir, 20,000 Hindu prisoners were slaughtered and their heads offered to crows (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P… ).

Even during Indian Independence 600 Million Hindus killed by Muslim( http://www.topix.com/forum/rel… ).If you count the other religions that are also kind of branches of Hinduism as they now got separated, then it is pretty big- jainism, buddhism, sikhism and etc. Like we count all the different Christian religions together (more than 3000 Christian religions present).

Islam is spreaded by Mainly Force and Sword. Arab Islamic Attackers attacked on Africa and made Innocent Africans their Slaves and African Women were put under their Harems. Arabians raped them and made the Place Production Hub of Islamic childrens. Africans Slaves are Converted into Muslims forcefully, so much killings and cruelty n Barbaric Acts by Arab Attackers on Everywhere nn Indonesia They Killed Innocents Buddhists and Spread Islam there. While On the Other side Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism considered soft and peaceful religions.

Hindus never ever forced anyone to accept the Hinduism. Hinduism(Sanatana Dharma) is open to all on their own wish because Hindus let people do what they want whereas Christians and Muslims historically and not so historically kill people who do not convert and spread across the world doing this. Islam and Christianity were spread by the sword, but Hindus are non-violent because the majority of the Hindu population is only in India and I think its cause they don't go around shouting at people to convert to their religion. Hindu, like Judaism, is an ethnically based religion. Christianity and Islam are universalizing religions. Do a search on "Universalizing Religion" and you'll find more information because more people convert to Islam and Christianity than Hinduism because that is what they believe in.

Source(s):

News (TV and paper), from every day to day life

Various sites on internet such as
http://www.islam-watch.org/Shabana/PanIslamism.htm
http://www.yementimes.com/article.shtml?i=704&p=front&a=3
and other

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090812084432AAaFvQq

Most common questions being asked about Hinduism part 2

Famous Indian Epics
The 2 famous epics are Ramayana and Mahabharata written by Sage Valmiki and Sage Veda Vyasa respectively. The Bhagwad Gita is the form of conversation between warrior Prince Arjuna and Lord Krishna at the outset of Mahabharata war.
Puranas
Puranas are called Vedas of common folk and are written in question & answer form. They consist of religious stories which make common people understand the higher truths of life. The major puranas are called Mahapurana.Thus all the above Hindu scriptures played a key role in the development of Hinduism and paved a way for a religion which is appreciated by the entire world.
What are the main ideas this religion professes?
Hinduism is more a way of life than a specific religion. In Hinduism one can find all religions of the world. Various religions like Buddhism, Sikhism emerged from it. The most important aspect of Hinduism is being truthful to oneself. Hinduism has no monopoly on ideas. It is open to all. Hindus believe in one God expressed in different forms. For them, God is timeless and formless entity. Hindus believe in eternal truths and these truths are opened to anyone who seeks them, even if he or she is ignorant of Hindu scripture or ideas. This religion also professes Non-violence - "Ahimsa Paramo Dharma" - Non violence is the highest duty. True Ahimsa implies curtsey, kindness, hospitality, humanity and love.

How do Hindus worship?
The place where Hindus worship is called a Kovil/Mandir/Aalayam (Temple). Most of the ancient Hindu’s Indian’s Temples were constructed by Hindu Kings. The Temples were constructed on auspicious sites and the whole process was very elaborate. Two rituals associated with temple construction were Pratishtai [installation of icons] and Kumbha – Abhishekam [temple dedication].Kumbha Abishegham is done 12 years once for this temple’s, thus which is the time for renovation and renewing the structure of it.

The idols of Gods are either made of special stone (Indian Granite) or wood and the artisan who makes them are called Shilpikar/Sirppi. The process by which worship of Gods & Goddess is done is called Pooja. It is the most common form of ritual. In the process of Pooja, Upacaras [offerings of many articles like food, perfumed water, tulasi leaves, sandal wood paste etc with honor to deity] play a vital role. The person who performs the Pooja is called Poojari/Poosari/Gurukkal/Aiyar.

Generally, all Hindu’s houses have a small corner reserved for God and are called Mandir/ Pooja Ghar/Altar /Saamy Medhai/Poojai Arai where the Hindu’s Family worships together. An individual family can have their own Poojari/Priest doing the Pooja or the head of the family does the Pooja. This tradition is considered a good practice in Hindu’s houses. It is a time when all the family members come together and pray together.

What are the important rituals, ceremonies and practiced by Hindus?
Rituals are basically an art of worshipping the God. Rituals may vary from home to home in some way or other but their basic concept remains the same. The rituals of Hinduism are-

Poojas
Yajnas

Vedic Rituals called Samskaras [means refinement] – these are carried out throughout the whole life cycle and are 16 in all –
1. Garbhadhana - Ritual to guarantee conception

2. Pumsavana - Ritual to protect fetus and to have a boy

3. Simantonnayana - Ritual at the last month of pregnancy

4. Jatakarana - Preparation of astrological chart of child

5. Namakarana – Naming the child

6. Nishkaramana – Taking the child out of the house for the first time

7. Annaprasana – First feeding of rice to the child

8. Chudakarana – First cutting of hair of the child

9. Karnavedha – Boring ear lobes of the child

10. Vidyarambha – Beginning of child learning alphabets

11. Upanayana – Wearing of holy threads by boys at 9 years old or 19 years old.

12. Vedarambha – Commencement of the Vedic studies

13. Keshante – First shaving of the child’s head

14. Samavartana – Home coming after completion of Vedic Studies

15. Vivaha – Marriage Rituals

16. Anthyesthi – Funeral rituals

Shraddha – Rituals at the time of death, these last for 12 days and is carried out to ensure that the departed soul is at ease and it goes to heaven where there are lesser difficulties.
Tirtha Yatra – Ritual of going to holy places for purification and redemption from sin. Important places for tirtha yatra are –
1. Badrinath [North]

2. Puri [East]

3. Rameshwara [south]

4. Dwarka [West]

These are also called as Four Dhams.

Important Festivals
There are many Hindu festivals and their importance differs from place to place –

Deepavali – It is called as the Festival of Light and comes in the month of Kartika [Oct./Nov.]. Many mythological stories prevail for Deepavali; the major two being the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after killing Ravana and the second being the Death of Titan of Hell, Narakasura by Lord Krishna. Both the events signify winning of good over evil, people light candles, diyas/ theepam in their houses, worship Laxmi [Goddess of Wealth] and visit near dear ones, distribute sweets and wear new clothes etc.

Holi – Also called as Festival of Colors; it is celebrated in the month of March. The mythological story behind Holi is of Prahlada, Holika and Hiranayakshyup which signifies Holika buring to ashes and Prahlada emerging as great worshipper of Lord Vishnu and defeater of demon Hiranayakshyup. People celebrate Holi by throwing colored water and bright powders on each other and enjoying themselves.

Onam – Celebrated in Kerala to mark the end of summer monsoons. It has a mythological story of welcoming demon King Mahabali to his lost kingdom.

Ponggal – Celebrated in Tamil Naidu during the months of Januray /Feburary. It is celebrated at the time of rice harvest.

Raksha Bandhan – Celebrated in the months of July/August; a sister ties a Rakhi [sacred thread] to the wrist of her brother/s who in turn give her some presents and become responsible for her safety.

Rama Navami – Celebrated as the Birthday of Lord Rama.

Ganesh Chathurthi - Celebrated as the Birthday of Lord Ganesha.

Navratri – Festival of Nights; lasts for 9 days with 3 days each devoted to worship of Goddess Durga [Goddess of Valor], Lakshmi [Goddess of Wealth] and Saraswati [Goddess of Knowledge].

Saraswati Puja – A Festival honoring Goddess of Knowledge.

Shivaratri - Celebrated as the Birthday of Lord Shiva.

Krishna Janamashtami - Celebrated as the Birthday of Lord Krishna.

How many Gods do Hindus worship? What are the main Gods & Goddess?
According to Hinduism all gods are the various representation of one true God. Hinduism states that there is only one God and the Vedas call him Brahman. The vibratory aspect of Brahman is called AUM or OM. From AUM came the 3 godheads –

a. Bramha [creator]

b. Vishnu [preservor]

c. Shiva [destroyer]

These gods when take a human form are called Avathaaram.

The three main Goddesses are-

Saraswati [Wife of Lord Brahma; Goddess of Knowledge]
Lakshmi [Wife of Lord Vishnu; Goddess of Wealth]
Parvati/Sakti [Wife of Lord Shiva; Goddess of Power]

Hindus also believe in Powers of Nature and have gods of nature like Varuna [water], Agni [fire], Vayu [air], Aakasa [sky], Nilam [Land/ Earth]

There are also Semi-gods like Hanuman and etc.

It is believed that there are 33 crores gods in Hinduism. A Hindu can worship as many Gods and Goddesses as he wants because Hindus believe that all forms of Gods and Goddesses are manifestations of one god or power. A Hindu temple can have a blend of various form of Gods.

How many times do Hindus pray every day?
It is considered a good practice to pray 2 times a day and its practical for those who is busy with work. The Hindu’s temples generally follow a practice of performing aarati [lighting lights] at dawn and dusk and it is believed that the gods rest during afternoon and night, so prayers should be offered at dawn and dusk.

Who is the most important God in this religion? Why?
It is believed that everything came from Brahman and Brahman is God. The Vedas state that "Prajapati Vai Idam Agre Aseet [In the beginning was Prajapati - The Brahman]. Later on came Mother God and Trinity of Gods; followed by Nature Gods, Minor Gods etc.

How do Hindus pray?
Hindus pray generally at a temple or at home or anywhere. The most important thing is they pray with pure heart and mind.

What is the final destination of all souls in Hinduism?
At the time of death, the body dies but the soul (Aathma) never dies. The soul passes from one body to another after the death, like a body changes clothes, the soul goes on taking endless number of bodies; until it pays off all the karmas attached to the soul. The path the soul takes is decided by the past actions which as popularly known as "Karmas". After death the soul seeks an ideal body to be born again. So if you are born rich or poor - it is because of your actions in your previous life. Thus they should continue the journey of life and death with karmas attached to it from one life to another by undergoing pain or pleasure. The different methods of god realization provide an easy way to put an end to the drama. Then the individual soul, which is called "Jeevatman", will merge with Absolute Soul or Infinite Power [God], popularly known as "Paramatman". This merging process is called Salvation or Enlightment.

In order to reach enlightment a human being should adopt different methods of God realization which are as follows-

Karma Yoga – It is a system of attaining freedom through selfless actions. The word “Karma” means “to do”, thus Karma means work. The Karmas which we do dictate our past, present and future. An individual should engage himself in good karmas.
Jnana Yoga – It is a system of reaching enlightment by adopting the path of knowledge or Hindu Philosophy.
Bhakti Yoga – Bhakti Yoga comes from the word “Bhaj” which means “to be attached to”. Through this the devotee goes for total surrender to God and in this process a total dissolution of “I” or “Ego” takes place.
Raja Yoga – It is a very scientific path of God Realization. In this the individual practices self control and thought control of his body and mind.

What methods do Hindus use to teach the morality and values of Hinduism?
The main methods are as follows-

1. Reading of Ancient Scriptures

2. Hearing preaching from some renowned saints

3. Visiting historical places

4. Having group discussions with fellow followers

How do you become a member of Hinduism?
Hinduism does not believe in religion conversion. You have to be born a Hindu. Or else you can just believe in Hinduism with your consciousness that lead you for believing and practising Hinduism.

Important Milestones of Hinduism

1200 BC Composition of the hymns of the Rig Veda

1200-900 BC Composition of Yajurveda, Samaveda & Atharvaveda

900-600 BC Upanishads

483 BC Death of Buddha - Buddhism

468 BC Death of Mahavir - Jainsim

400 BC Composition of Mahabharata

200 BC Composition of Ramayana

1469-1531 AD Guru Nanak – Sikhism

1772-1833 AD Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Brahma Samaj

1824-1883 AD Dayananda Saraswati, Arya Samaj

1896-1977 AD A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami, ISKON

Ten Avtaars of Lord Vishnu

The ten incarnations of Vishnu is a Hindu theological concept in Vedic history. Vishnu exists as the Creator and also within every being as our soul, our Supreme. He also enters or descend to our world in the form of Avatar whenever his presence is needed.

1. Matsya - The Fish

2. Kurma- The Tortoise

3. Varaha- The Boar

4. Narasimha- The Man-Lion

5. Vamana - The Dwarf

6. Parasurama - The Warrior

7. Sri Rama - The King

8. Sri Krishna - The Cowherd

9. Buddha - The Teacher

10. Kalki - The Slayer

Most common questions being asked about Hinduism...

"Its chief mark consists in concentration on the spiritual aspect, belief in the intimate relationship of philosophy and life, the inseparability of theory and practice and the insistence on intuition coexisting with the acceptance of authority."
Source: The Gazetteer of India, Volume 1: Country and people. Delhi, Publications Division, Government of India, 1965.

Where and when did Hinduism begin?

Hinduism basically started with Sruti “that which is heard”. The master of vedic age called Rishis, heard eternal truths in their heart and they taught their disciples telepathically, by transfer of thoughts. Later Vedas and Upanishads were taught in chanted lyrics and they laid the foundation of Hinduism.

An exact date of when Hinduism actually stared cannot be quoted, but there are many theories regarding the birth of Hinduism-

Mythological Stories – Hindu mythological stories says that it is trillions of years old. Some say Hinduism started soon after ice age ended and some even say its origin is 6000-7000 years before Christ [6000-7000 B.C.].
Theologians View – Theologist like Max Muller of Germany traces Hinduism to have begun in 3rd Millennium B.C. He says nomadic tribes called Aryans came from Europe and settled on banks of rivers like Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra in India and started a “Thinking Process” later known as Hinduism. Other Hindu Theologians say that the early settlers of North India exchanged knowledge with dark colored people of South India called Dravidians and thus laid the foundation of Hinduism in India.
Archeological Evidence – Evidence found at Indus valley civilization at Mohanjodaro and Harappa dates Hinduism to have started 6000-7000 years before Christ and the discoveries raise the question that is Hinduism Pre Aryan or Non Aryan or Post Aryan?

Thus the origin of Hinduism is a mixture of contradictory ideas and thoughts. But we can say that whatever may be the origin of Hinduism it was a blend of Aryan, Dravidian, Mayan, Egyptian and Greek civilization.

Major events in the development of the history of Hinduism are –

The original name of Hinduism was Santana Dharma meaning “righteousness forever “of” that which has no beginning or end”. This name was given by Persians when they invaded India in 6th B.C.

For long periods of time there was no written Hindu scripture. It was just in the forms of Sruti [that which is heard] and was narrated by rishis to their disciples with careful sound of words. Later with coming of various civilizations in India, Hinduism became a blend of various ideas and thoughts and thus came to be known as “The thinking process”.

In the development process of Hinduism the Hindu scriptures play a very vital role. The scriptures are written in Sanskrit and are –

Vedas
Rig Veda [Vedas of Hymns] consists of 1028 hymns to gods like Indra & Agni.

Yajur Veda [Vedas of Liturgy] concerns the knowledge of how to perform all rites and rituals.

Sama Veda [Vedas of Music] concerns the knowledge of chants.

Atharva Veda – This Veda contains the knowledge given by Sage Atharvana. It contains many magical charms and incantations.

Upanishads
The word Upanishad is composed of Upa [Near], Ni [Down] and Shad[To sit]. Upanishad is a teaching given by Guru [teacher] to his disciples and it is a rule that no one except the disciple could hear his guru’s teachings.

Dharma Sutras
These are the backbones of Hinduism ethics and morality. They are basically the first lawgiver code books to Hinduism written by sages like Manus, Yatnavalka, Parasara and Gauthama. The earliest Dharma sutra is called “Code of Manu” and is popularly known as Manusmriti.

Panchatantra
It is a collection of stories told by Vishnusharman to princes to teach them worldly affairs. Each story has a moral and is like a fable book in which human characters are replaced by animal characters. It teaches what exactly should be the course of action of a wise man.

Arthashastra
It is the code of ethics for kings written by Kautilya of Maurya Dynasty. It consists of methods of spy system, how to deal with the enemy and various political and social subjects.

Brahma sutra
These describes the nature of Brahman in depth and is written by Sage Badarayana [Veda Vyasa].

Agamas
These are a group of literature which deals with worship of god in many forms and they have their own set of rules and regulations for their devotee. These Agamas gave rise to 5 branches of Hinduism –

Vaishnavism
Saivism
Saktism

Gowmaragham

Ganaapthim

AARU KALA POOJA/ 6 TIMES PRAYERS A DAY

‘More things are wrought by prayer than are dreamt of in our philosophy’, said Shakespeare. To enable the devotees to pray to and before the Lord, there are six pujas or services every day. At 5 a.m. the Lord gives the Visvaroopa darshan. The first puja is Vizhapuja or day’s festival at 7.15 followed by Kalasandhi (8 a.m.), Sirukala Sandhi (9 am.), Uchikkalam (or mid-day service), Sayaraksha (evening service) and Rakkalam.

Each service consists of (a) abhishekam (b) offering of food and (c) alankaram. In the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok (Thailand), the Buddha’s robes are changed thrice a year, in keeping with the hot, cold and wet seasons. Here at Palani, Lord Dandayudhapani’s robes are changed several times a day and it is difficult to keep a count. The deity is decorated and dressed as Prince, hunter, lad and ascetic.

At the request of devotees these alankarams are also done during specified intervals on payment of prescribed charges. After the Raja Alankaram at the evening service at 5.40 pm, no abishekams are allowed. The artistry with which the gurukkals do the alankarams and the swiftness with which they present the deity in one alankaram after another deserve praise.

The pilgrim is advised to visit the hill temple for Visvarupa Darshan and for three important services at 12 noon, 5.40 p.m. and 8. p.m. At the Uchikkalam, the rituals are elaborate and the deity is dressed in a conservative and orthodox way.

1. Vizhapuja Pooja............06:45 am

2. Kalasandhi Pooja......... 08:00 am

3. Sirukala Sandhi Pooja..09:00 am

4. Uchikkalam Pooja........12:00 Mid-day

5. Sayaraksha Pooja.........05:30 pm

6. Rakkalam. Pooja...........08:00 pm

http://www.palanitemples.com/english/sixkala_pooja.htm

Indian Uses...

To view Indian-Tamil Calender...Click here
To view Indian Panjangam...Click here
To calculate rahu kalam...Click here
To know sunrise and sunset...Click here
To calculate raasi and Nakshatra...Click here

Eligibility criteria for a language to be called as 'Semmozhi'

1. It should have been born atleast 2000 years ago. It should have literary continuity for 2000 years. And is still existing.
2. It should have given birth to other languages.
3. It should have helped the world improving in Culture.
4. The world has only five languages which have the 'Semmozhi' status. Tamilzh is one amongst them.
   

Tamil is a live and vibrant language inspite of being a contemporary of some of the
dormant languages of yester millennium.-jv

Tamil did not simply assimilate with sanskrut culture but has really contributed to sanskrut
many of the sanskrut vocabulary has the root deivative of tamil root words-jv

Tamil is not solely dependent on sanskrut like other indian /satum languages but still
remains the only indian language which can stand alone with its rich and evolutionary
vocabulary.

The classic/semmozhi nature of a language does not simply depend on a present citeria
but how it will sustain itself in its posterity - how it will be conserved/protected/evolved
with ever changing days to come-jv

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_tamil_is_called_as_semmozhi#ixzz1Qgh1xSn5

Cuti untuk Hari Deepvali

Terlebih dahulu tahniah diucapkan kepada semua warga malaysia yang berbangsa India kerana telah mendapat kelulusan untuk mendapat cuti Perayaan Deepvalai kita selama seminggu dimana ianya bersesuaian dengan konsep 1 Malaysia yang bermaksud rakyat mempunyai hak yang sama rata dimana ianya adil dan saksama. Mulai tahun 2011, bangsa India, bangsa Melayu, bangsa Cina akan mendapat cuti sempena perayaan terutama kaum tersebut.

Australia: Muslims spray Hindu temple with bullets

The attacks have been in retaliation for noise and parking problems, says the Sydney Morning Herald. In reality, they are more likely in retaliation for the Hindus' irritating refusal to worship Allah alone and acknowledge Muhammad as his prophet. Islamic Tolerance Alert: "Gunshots prompt prayers for peace," by Eamonn Duff and Natalie O'Brien in the Sydney Morning Herald, April 3 (thanks to Hindu Existence):

IT BEGAN with minor acts of vandalism, including egg throwing and smashed windows, but instead of remaining periodic footnotes in the night log at Auburn police station, the incidents have grown so violent - and the issue so culturally sensitive - that even authorities are reluctant to speak about them publicly.
Australia's oldest Hindu temple, the Sri Mandir in Auburn, is under siege and its devotees gripped by fear.

On March 19, two men in balaclavas stood at the intersection of a nearby road, spraying the front of the prayer hall with eight rounds of bullets. The building was unoccupied at the time.

The busy Hindu temple opened in 1977. It is surrounded by a predominantly Muslim population and it is no secret among locals that tensions have been simmering in recent years, caused by concerns about noise and parking problems at Sri Mandir.

''There is no excuse [for the gun attack],'' the editor of Sydney newspaper The Indian, Rohit Revo, said.

''This was not the work of teenagers; neither was it a petty prank. This is part of a sustained and increasingly violent campaign to scare the temple devotees and drive them out. By definition, this latest attack was an act of terrorism.''

The Sun-Herald is aware the ongoing feud has caused disquiet among some of the most senior police in western Sydney. In a rare move, details of the shooting were deliberately held back from the NSW police media unit through concern that publicity might inflame hostilities....

Chastened silence about jihad attacks is a feature of dhimmitude.

http://www.jihadwatch.org/2011/04/australia-muslims-spray-hindu-temple-with-bullets.html

Health Benefits of Black Pepper

The health benefits of black pepper include relief from respiratory disorders, cough, common cold, constipation, digestion, anemia, impotency, muscular strains, dental care, pyorrhea, diarrhea, and heart disease.

Black pepper is the fruit of the black pepper plant from the Piperaceae family and is used as a spice and also as a medicine. The chemical piperine, present in black pepper, causes the spiciness. It is native to the southern state of India, Kerala. From ancient times, black pepper is one of the most widely traded spices in the world. It is not seasonal and is, therefore available throughout the year.

Because of its antibacterial properties, pepper is also used to preserve food. It is a source of manganese, iron, potassium, vitamin C and vitamin K and dietary fiber. Black pepper is a very good, anti-inflammatory agent.

The health benefits of black pepper include the following:

• Good for stomach: Pepper increases the hydrochloric acid secretion in stomach and thus, helps digestion. Proper digestion is essential to avoid diarrhea, constipation and colic. Pepper also helps to prevent formation of intestinal gas. Pepper-added diet promotes sweating and urination.
• Helps to lose weight: The outer layer of peppercorn assists in the breakdown of fat cells. Hence, peppery foods are a good way to help you shed weight.
• Good for skin: Pepper helps to cure Vitiligo, which is a skin disease that causes some areas of skin to lose its normal pigment and turn white. According to researchers in London, piperine contained in pepper can stimulate the skin to produce pigment. Topical treatment of piperine combined with ultra violet light therapy is much better than the other treatments for vitiligo. It also reduces the chances of skin cancer due to excess ultraviolet radiation.
• Relief for cough and cold: In Ayurveda pepper is added in tonics for cold and cough. Pepper gives relief from sinusitis and nasal congestion.
• The antibacterial property of black pepper helps to fight against infections, insect bites etc. Pepper added diet helps to keeping your arteries clean.
• Good antioxidant: An antioxidant, like pepper, can prevent or repair the damage caused by the free radicals and thus helps to prevent cancer, cardiovascular diseases and liver problems.
• Enhances bioavailability: Black pepper helps in transporting the benefits of other herbs to different parts of body.
• According to Ayurveda, black pepper also helps avoid ear-ache and gangrene. It is also good for conditions of hernia, hoarseness and insect bites. It relieves joint pain.
• It is a good treatment for respiratory conditions like asthma, whooping cough etc.
• It is used to treat conditions of tooth decay and toothache. In ancient times, pepper was also used to treat eye problems.

Preparing grounded pepper powder at home is better than buying ready-made pepper powder. But even home-made powder retains its freshness for only up to 3 months. Whole peppercorns can keep their freshness indefinitely.

Thus, adding a pinch of black pepper to every meal helps improve taste and digestion. It also improves your overall health and well being.

Precaution: Pepper may cause sneezing. Patients who’ve undergone abdominal surgery should not take pepper added diet because pepper has an irritating effect on the intestines. It is also not good for people with ulcers. Black pepper should not be taken in high concentration.

http://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/herbs-and-spices/health-benefits-of-black-pepper.html